Starting from April 2023 all public access to new buckets disabled by default: "Amazon S3 now automatically enables S3 Block Public Access and disables S3 access control lists (ACLs) for all new S3 buckets in all AWS Regions."
It means that by default, you are unable to make files public in buckets created after April 2023.
Any attempt to make files publicly available will log the following error:
[I] [14:14:23] Updating permissions test-bucket/01.txt
[I] [14:14:23] AccessDenied: Access Denied
[W] [14:14:23] Task failed (AccessDenied: Access Denied)
To enable the possibility of making files public, please follow instruction below:
1. Select the bucket and click Buckets, Public Access Block Configuration..:

Click Buckets, Public Access Block Configuration or use the Ctrl+B keyboard shortcut
The Public Access Block Configuration dialog will open:

Public Access Block Configuration dialog
2. Turn OFF the following options:
- Block Public ACL
- Ignore public ACLs
3. Click OK to save changes and close the dialog.
4. Select the bucket and click Buckets, Object Ownership Configuration..:

Click Buckets, Object Ownership Configuration or use the Ctrl+Shift+B keyboard shortcut
The Object Ownership Configuration dialog will open:

Object Ownership Configuration dialog
5. Select Bucket owner preferred or Object writer and click OK
After these changes, the ability to make files public will be restored.